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'''Collaborative filtering (CF)''' is the method of making automatic predictions (filtering) about the interests of a user by collecting [[Wikipedia:taste (sociology)|taste]] information from many users (collaborating). The underlying assumption of CF approach is that: Those who agreed in the past tend to agree again in the future. For example, a collaborative filtering or [[Wikipedia:recommender system|recommender system]] for music tastes could make predictions about which music a user should like given a partial list of that user's tastes (likes or dislikes). Note that these predictions are specific to the user, but use information gleaned from many users. This differs from the more simple approach of giving an average (non-specific) score for each item of interest, for example based on its number of votes. Collaborative Filtering systems usually take two steps: 1.Looking for users who share the same rating patterns with the active user (the user who the prediction is for). 2.Use the ratings from those like-minded users found in step 1 to calculate a prediction for the active user In the age of [[Wikipedia:information explosion|information explosion]], such techniques can prove very useful as the number of items in only one category (such as music, movies, books, news, web pages) have become so large that a single person cannot possibly view them all in order to select relevant ones. Relying on a scoring or rating system which is averaged across all users ignores specific demands of a user, and is particularly poor in tasks where there is large variation in interest, for example in the recommendation of music. Obviously, other methods to combat information explosion exist such as web search, [[Wikipedia:data clustering|clustering]], and more. More recently, '''Collaborative filtering''' have been used in [[e-learning]] to promote and benefit from students' collaboration. == Commercial systems == There are commercial sites that implement collaborative filtering systems. For example: * [http://www.alexlit.com AlexLit.com] * [http://www.Amazon.com Amazon] * [[Wikipedia:Barnes and Noble|Barnes and Noble]] * [[Wikipedia:Findory|Findory.com]] * [[Wikipedia:Half.com|half.ebay.com]] * [[Wikipedia:Hollywood_Video|Hollywood Video]] * [[Wikipedia:Netflix|Netflix]] * [http://www.sourcelight.com Sourcelight Technologies Inc] *[http://www.storycode.com StoryCode] - books * [[Wikipedia:TiVo|TiVo]] == Non-commercial systems == There are also non-commercial collaborative filtering systems: *[[Wikipedia:AmphetaRate|AmphetaRate]] - [[RSS (protocol)|RSS]] articles *[[Wikipedia:Audioscrobbler|Audioscrobbler]] - music *[http://www.clinko.com Clinko] - music & movies *[http://filmaffinity.com FilmAffinity] - movies *[[Wikipedia:GenieLab|GenieLab]] - music *[[Wikipedia:Gnomoradio|Gnomoradio]] - free music *[http://www.indy.tv Indy] - free music *[[Wikipedia:iRATE radio|iRATE radio]] - free music *[http://www.kindakarma.com KindaKarma] - authors, video games, movies and music *[[Wikipedia:Moonranker|Moonranker]] - music, movies, and books *[[Wikipedia:MovieLens|MovieLens]] - movies *[[Wikipedia:Music Recommendation System for iTunes|Music Recommendation System for iTunes]] - music *[[Wikipedia:Musicmobs|Musicmobs]] - music *[http://popularism.com Popularism] - movies *[[Wikipedia:Rate Your Music|Rate Your Music]] - music *[[Wikipedia:StumbleUpon|StumbleUpon]] - websites *[[Wikipedia:Upto11|Upto11]] - music == Software libraries == There are also software libraries which allow a developer to add collaborative filtering to an application or web site: *[http://taste.sourceforge.net Taste] - open-source, Java *[http://www.nongnu.org/cofi/ Cofi] - open-source, Java *[http://www.daniel-lemire.com/fr/abstracts/COLA2003.html RACOFI] - open-source, Java *[http://www-users.cs.umn.edu/~karypis/suggest/ SUGGEST] - Free, written in C. (A library, not open source.) *[http://www.daniel-lemire.com/fr/abstracts/TRD01.html Rating-Based Item-to-Item] - public domain, PHP *[http://sourceforge.net/projects/multilens MultiLens], an old version of the code which runs [[MovieLens]]. Open-source, Java. See also [http://www.cs.luther.edu/~bmiller/dynahome.php?page=multilens author's page]. *[http://eecs.oregonstate.edu/iis/CoFE/ COFE]. Open-source, Java. *[http://www.vogoo-api.com/ Vogoo PHP Lib] - open-source, PHP *[http://inDiscover.net Music] - open-source, PHP/SQL == See also == * [[Wikipedia:Collective intelligence|Collective intelligence]] * [[Wikipedia:The Long Tail|The Long Tail]] * [[Wikipedia:Recommendation system|Recommendation system]] ==External links== *[http://jamesthornton.com/cf/ Collaborative Filtering Research Papers by James Thornton] *[http://pespmc1.vub.ac.be/COLLFILT.html ''Collaborative Filtering'' by Francis Heylighen] *[http://ectrl.itc.it/home/laboratory/meeting/download/p5-l_herlocker.pdf Evaluating collaborative filtering recommender systems] ([http://www.doi.org/ DOI]: [http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/963770.963772 10.1145/963770.963772]) *[http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/shardanand95social.html 'Social Information Filtering: Algorithms for Automating "Word of Mouth"' by Upendra Shardanand] *[http://homepages.cwi.nl/~robu 'Learning utility graphs for multi-issue negotiation using collaborative filtering' - Valentin Robu] *[http://agents.www.media.mit.edu/groups/agents/projects/ A collection of past and present "information filtering" projects (including collaborative filtering) at MIT Media Lab] {{wikicities:Wikipedia|Collaborative Filter}} [[Category:Technology]] [[Category:Business]]
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